Which women are at a higher risk of uterine cancer?

 

Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, begins in the lining of the uterus and is one of the most common gynecological cancers in women. While it can occur at any age, it most frequently affects women who are postmenopausal. Understanding who is at higher risk is vital for early detection, prevention, and timely medical intervention.

Age and Menopause

One of the most significant risk factors for uterine cancer is age. The majority of uterine cancer cases occur in women over the age of 50. After menopause, hormonal changes in the body, especially the imbalance between estrogen and progesterone, can make the endometrial lining more susceptible to abnormal cell growth. Women who experience late menopause (after age 55) or early menstruation (before age 12) have a prolonged exposure to estrogen, which increases their risk.

Obesity and Hormonal Imbalance

Obesity is one of the strongest risk factors for uterine cancer. Fat tissue increases the body’s estrogen levels, which can overstimulate the endometrium, leading to abnormal growths and, eventually, cancer. Women with a body mass index (BMI) above 30 are two to four times more likely to develop uterine cancer compared to those with a healthy BMI.

Diabetes and Hypertension

Medical conditions such as type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure are also associated with an increased risk of uterine cancer. These health issues often coexist with obesity and metabolic syndrome, further complicating hormonal balance and increasing the chances of malignancy.

Reproductive and Hormonal History

Women who have never been pregnant (nulliparous women) have a higher lifetime exposure to estrogen and a slightly increased risk of uterine cancer. Additionally, women who have undergone estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT), without progesterone, are at an elevated risk due to unopposed estrogen stimulation of the uterine lining.

Genetic Predisposition

A family history of uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, or colorectal cancer may point to hereditary cancer syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome. Women with this genetic condition have a much higher lifetime risk of developing uterine and other cancers. Genetic counseling and regular screenings are strongly recommended for those with such a family history.

Tamoxifen Use

Women who take tamoxifen, a drug used to prevent and treat breast cancer, may have a slightly higher risk of developing uterine cancer due to its estrogen-like effects on the uterus. While the benefits of tamoxifen often outweigh the risks, it's important for women using this medication to undergo regular pelvic examinations.

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What Can You Do?

Being aware of these risk factors can help women take proactive steps toward protecting their health. Maintaining a healthy weight, managing chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension, and discussing any abnormal bleeding or postmenopausal symptoms with a doctor can make a significant difference in early detection and successful treatment.

If you have one or more of these risk factors, it’s important not to delay seeking medical advice. Consult the Best Oncologist Uterine Cancer Delhi NCR to get a thorough evaluation, personalized care, and advanced treatment options. Expert oncologists in Delhi NCR, such as Dr. Seema Singh, are well-equipped with the latest technology and experience to provide accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plans tailored to your needs.