Prostate Cancer - Definition , Types, Pre - Conditions | Best Oncologist in Delhi Ncr

Prostate Cancer - Definition

When cell in the body begin to grow out of control. the condition is  called cancer. Cells in almost any part of the body become cancer cells and can spread to other parts of the body. Learn more about cancer and how it develops and spreads.( Best oncologist in Delhi Ncr )

Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate begin to grow out of control. Prostate is a gland that is present in only men. It produces a fluid that is part of the semen.

The prostate is located below the bladder (the hollow organ that stores urine) and in front of the rectum (the last part of the intestine). Behind the prostate is a gland, the seminal vesicle, which increases the amount of fluid in the sperm. The urethra is the tube that carries urine and semen through the penis and the center of the prostate.

Prostate Cancer - Types

Almost all types of prostate cancer are adenocarcinomas. These cancers come from glandular cells, the cells that make prostatic fluid and add it to semen.

Other types of cancer that can occur in the prostate include:

1.Small cell carcinoma

2.Neuroendocrine tumors (excluding small cell carcinoma)

3.Transitional epithelial cancer

4.Sarcoma

These other types of prostate cancer are rare if you are diagnosed with prostate cancer, it is almost certain that it is adenocarcinoma.

Some prostate cancers begin to spread quickly and often, but most do happen slowly. In fact, suicidal demands have shown that many older men (and still some men and women) who die from other causes are also suffering from prostate cancer with no effect during the course of the kill. Usually neither they nor their doctor know they have it. ( Consult with Best cancer doctor in India - Dr. Dodul Mondal )

Pre - Conditions for Prostate Cancer

Some studies have shown that prostate cancer begins as a precancerous lesion, although it is not clear. These conditions sometimes occur when men undergo a prostate biopsy (removal of cells in the process of diagnosing cancer).

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)

In PIN, the presence of prostate cells changes under the microscope, but abnormal cells in other stages of the prostate (such as cancer cells) do not seem to continue to grow. According to the degree of abnormality of the cells, they are classified as:

Low grade PIN : The description of prostate cells looks almost normal.

High grade PIN: The bottom of the battery looks abnormal.

It is believed that a low PIN has nothing to do with the risk of prostate cancer in men. On the other hand, advanced PINs are considered a precursor to prostate cancer. If you have a prostate biopsy and find a high PIN, you are more likely to develop prostate cancer over time. ( best radiation oncologist in delhi ncr )

PIN codes began to appear in the prostate of some men after twenty years. However, many men with a PIN never develop prostate cancer.

Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA)

With the PIA, prostate cells appear smaller than normal and show signs of inflammation in that area. Although the PIA ​​is not a cancer, researchers believe that the PIA ​​may increase the incidence of injections for drug users and may directly lead to prostate cancer.

Radiation Therapy to Treat Cancer | Proton Beam Therapy Doctor in Delhi

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy can be defined as cell-targeted therapy that uses ionizing radiation to destroy cancer cells. This can cause damage to the genetic makeup of the cells, which in turn causes the growth and replication of these cells to stop. This radiation can damage surrounding tissues. Normal cells. But most normal cells can recover from it. Maximizing the destruction of cancer cells is the goal of treatment. Radiation therapy is used to completely destroy or shrink the tumor to relieve symptoms.

Radiation therapy may be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy or surgery. This is mainly to improve the success rate of treatment. In some cases, radiotherapy is used as symptomatic treatment or palliative treatment to relieve symptoms such as pain and improve the patient's condition. (looking for proton beam therapy doctor in Delhi, contact Dr.Dodul Mondal)

Various Methods Of Radiation Therapy

Basically, there are two types of radiation therapy: external radiation therapy and internal radiation therapy. The effectiveness of external beam radiotherapy can be achieved with some advanced techniques such as three-dimensional symmetric radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and proton beam therapy doctor in Delhi (PBRT). Stereotactic radiotherapy is a treatment for brain tumors. It can be delivered in three ways: with a linear accelerator-based tactical 3D beam, the use of highly charged protons or helium ions, and Gamma Knife technology. Brachytherapy is another advanced technique.

Intensity Modulated Radiation therapy (IMRT)  - It uses a computer-controlled linear accelerator to deliver a precise dose of radiation to a malignant tumor or a specific area within the tumor. IMRT involves adjusting or controlling the intensity of multiple small-volume beams to more accurately match the radiation dose to the three-dimensional (3D) shape of the tumor.

This allows minimizing the dose to surrounding normal critical structures while higher doses of radiation can be directed to the tumor. Careful treatment planning is performed using patient images via 3D computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized dose calculations to determine the optimal dose rate pattern for the tumor shape. Generally, by combining multiple intensity modulation fields from different directions of the beam, an individual radiation dose is generated, maximizing the tumor dose and minimizing the dose to adjacent normal tissue.

Proton Beam Radiation Therapy (PBRT) - In this method, protons are used instead of X-rays to treat cancer.

Protons are positively charged particles. Under high energy, protons can destroy cancer cells. Doctors can use proton therapy alone. They can also combine it with X-ray therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and/or immunotherapy.

Like X-ray radiation, proton therapy is a form of external beam radiation therapy. The radiation is blasted painlessly through the skin by external devices.

Dr.Dodul Mondal is one of the  best radiation oncologists in Delhi NCR who is experience working with Proton Beam Therapy.

Radiation Therapy Effectiveness

Radiation therapy prolongs the survival of cancer patients. As with all treatments, different cells respond differently to this treatment. Radiation sensitivity represents the response of cancer cells. The amount of radiation absorbed by cancer cells is termed as radiation dose. The unit of radiation dose currently used is grays (gy).

Highly sensitive cancer cells such as blood cancers and germ cell cancers are quickly destroyed by a small amount of radiation. Moderately sensitive cells such as skin cancer cells require higher doses of radiation. There are also radiation-resistant cells such as renal cell carcinoma and melanoma examples. In this case, a higher radiation dose is the first choice. The cure density of tumors varies. Leukemia cannot be cured because cancer cells can spread throughout the body. If the lymphoma is concentrated in a specific area, it can be treated. Tumors that are sensitive to radiation are usually treated with a curative dose of radiation therapy.

Size is also a important factor in deciding cancer treatment. Small tumors are more sensitive than large tumors. Various methods are used to eliminate this effect. Surgical resection before treatment is a common practice. Breast cancer is often treated with it. Another option is neoadjuvant chemotherapy before definitive radiotherapy. Cetuximab, cisplatin, and other drugs can be used before radiation therapy. These are all radiosensitizers.

Cancer treatment is a complex process and in order to receive best treatment one should consult with the best oncologist in Delhi NCR. It helps patient in receiving the correct treatment and help through the treatment process. That's why Dr. Dodul Mondal will be a  very good choice due to his expertise on working with Proton Beam Therapy.

Oncologists - Types & Specialties | Best Oncologist in Delhi NCR

Oncologists are medical professionals specially trained to diagnose and treat different types of cancer. They treat patients with different types of cancer that can affect different parts of the body, including lungs, skin, eyes, mouth, hyoid bones, bones, lymph nodes, stomach, and many other organs. This type of doctor should observe the symptoms, determine where the cancer is growing, and develop an effective treatment plan that eliminates or limits the cancer so that it cannot invade other parts of the body. Have been trained in the field of oncology, many physicians have decided to specialize in one or more therapeutic areas. Dr. Dodul Mondal is one of the most best oncologist in Delhi NCR working persistently for the cancer patients.

Oncologists - Types

Depending on the nature, stage, and location of the cancer, there are several oncologists who can provide specific cancer treatment services. The field of oncology consists of three main divisions - medicine, surgery and radiology. 

Medical Oncologist

A medical oncologist is a doctor who uses chemotherapy and other drugs (such as targeted therapy or immunotherapy) to treat cancer and is the main provider of health care for cancer patients and guides the development of patient care. They cooperate with other medical departments to get the best results. 

Surgical Oncologist

These are surgeons who specialize in cancer surgery. They are general surgeons who receive additional training in oncology and related surgical procedures. They also specialize in certain types of autopsies to diagnose cancer.

Radiation Oncologist

A radiation therapy oncologist is a doctor who treats cancer with radiation therapy. It uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells. If the cancer cells cannot be completely destroyed, oncologists use radiation to shrink or slow the growth of the tumor without affecting nearby tissues. This is called palliative care. The main goal of treatment is to improve the quality of life of patients by controlling tumor growth and related symptoms.

Best radiation oncologist in Delhi Ncr may perform brachytherapy to treat cancer patients. In this treatment, the radiation source is inserted directly into or close to the tympanic membrane. Depending on the type of cancer, the radioactive source can be kept permanently or removed at the end of each treatment.

Proton beam therapy is considered the most precise form of radiation in the world currently for cancer treatment. Dr. Dodul Mondal is one the best Proton therapy doctor in Delhi NCR with international repute who has an experience of working with Proton Beam Therapy at one of the largest university hospitals in the United States.

Things to know about breast cancer | Best Breast Oncologist in Delhi

 Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second most common cause of cancer deaths, second only to lung cancer in 1985. One in eight women lives to be 85 years old and develops breast cancer at some point in their lives.

Currently, more than 2 million women in the United States are being treated for breast cancer. About 41,000 women die of the disease. The probability of dying from breast cancer is 1 in 33. However, breast cancer mortality is declining. This reduction may be the result of early detection and improved treatment. Consulting with best breast oncologist in Delhi is clearly one of the reasons for it.

Breast cancer is not the only disease in women. The American Cancer Society estimates that 1,600 men get the disease every year, and about 400 people die from the disease.

People who have had breast cancer before the age of 50 are more at risk of developing breast cancer than their mother, aunt, sister or grandmother. If your mother or sister has only breast cancer, you may be at risk. Two first-degree relative checks increase the risk by 5 factors.

Breast cancer is sometimes caused by genetic mutations in one of two genes: BRCA1 and BRCA2. This gene usually prevents disease by developing a protein that prevents abnormal cell proliferation, but when a female mutation develops, breast cancer life expectancy is 80%, while normal fetal life expectancy is 13%. can be high. More than 25% of women develop breast cancer.

Without a family history of breast cancer, it is difficult to determine the risk. As you know, estrogen causes many breast cancers, and many other factors, such as diet, overweight, and alcohol, increase estrogen levels in the body. ( Looking for a Breast cancer specialist in Delhi NCR then consult with Dr. Dodul Mondal.)

Early signs of breast cancer include:

-  firm and most often painless, a lump which is usually single can be detected

-  An unusual appearance on the area of the skin of the breast and is swollen

-  Veins on the surface of the breast becomes more prominent

- Development of rash, change in skin texture, invertedness with discharge other than breast milk can be seen on the nipple of the affected breast. 

- On the surface of the breast, a depression can be found.

Dr. Dodul Mondal is best breast cancer doctor in Delhi. Breast cancer treatment depends on the stage of cancer. It may consist of chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy and surgery.

Cancer Prevention | Lungs Cancer Specialist In Delhi

With the help of different strategies, few cancers can now be prevented. Although the best strategy is not to get in contact with the risk factors of lung cancer experts in Delhi, but it is too simplistic for a complex problem that is mostly multi-factorial. The following are a few approved and effective strategies for the prevention of selective cancers by lungs cancer specialist in Delhi.

Cancer Vaccine - Some cancers can be prevented by vaccination. These cancers are known to be caused by certain infections, and vaccination can help prevent these cancers. It should be noted that this category includes most types of cervical cancer and some hepatocellular carcinomas. Vaccinating girls with cervical cancer as soon as possible before sexual activity is considered the most effective. With age, its usefulness gradually decreases. Depending on your age, it is recommended that you get two or three doses of the vaccine. It is recommended that vaccinators consult an expert before vaccination.

Systemic Therapy - Few drugs have been tested to be effective in preventing cancer. Tamoxifen and raloxifene are two effective treatments for breast cancer. After consultation with oncologists and respiratory cancer specialists doctor in Delhi, these medicines should be used under the supervision of a physician. Best cancer specialist in Delhi NCR.

Cancer Prevention Therapy - Despite the limitations, cancer prevention surgery may be considered for people who are known to be at very high risk for cancer. Most of these actions are taken to prevent breast cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, tubal cancer, colon cancer, and so on. Recently, a Hollywood celebrity underwent cancer prevention surgery, which greatly influenced and responded to the very thought process of ordinary people. It is easy to say that this requires proper understanding, consultation and discussion with professionals who have experience in this field.

Diagnosis and Treatment - Lung Cancer | Lung Cancer Specialist in Delhi

Lung cancer is caused by the uncontrolled rapid growth of cells in tissues. This type is the most common, causing more than one million deaths each year. This formula means weight loss, coughing or regular breathing. This can be seen on a chest X-ray, also called a computed tomography scan. The treatment we receive depends on the stage it is in. Cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.( to consult with Lung cancer specialist in Delhi)

Classification

Lung cancer is classified after being studied under a microscope. It is essential to classify as each cancer is treated differently. Most lung cancers are cancers-malignant tumors that grow from epithelial cells. Lung cancer can be categorized into two types: non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer account for 80.4% and 16.8% of the incidence of lung cancer, respectively.

1. Non-small cell lung cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer is classified as one category because their prognosis and treatment are the same to some extent. They are further divided into three types: squamous cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma and large cell lung cancer. Squamous cell lung cancer originates near the central bronchus. They account for 25% of lung cancers. Adenocarcinoma starts in peripheral lung tissue. Cases of adenocarcinoma are the result of smoking. They account for 40% of non-small cell lung cancers.

2. Small cell lung cancer

This type of lung cancer is rare. It is sometimes called "oat cell" cancer. In most cases, they originate in the larger airways (primary and secondary bronchi) and grow rapidly from there. If this type of lung cancer is mainly related to smoking.

Secondary cancer

These cancers are classified according to the place of origin, such as breast cancer, but have spread to the lungs. Most childhood lung cancers are secondary.

Stages of lung cancer

Lung cancer staging is used to assess the extent to which the cancer has spread from its place of origin. It is an important factor in determining the potential treatment of lung cancer. The degree ranges from 1A to 4, 1A is the best prognosis, and 4 is the worst.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms include the following: 1. The voice becomes hoarse. 2. Sudden weight loss. 3. Feeling pain in the chest or abdomen. 4. Difficulty swallowing. 5. Loss of appetite. 6. Out of breath. Many of the above mentioned symptoms are non specific. When they noticed the symptoms or signs, the cancer had spread from the place of origin. Very few people with this cancer have signs at the time of diagnosis, and these cancers will be noticed on regular chest X-rays.

Diagnosis

If a person reports symptoms that may indicate lung-related cancer, a chest radiograph is performed in the first step. The test showed enlarged mediastinum, atelectasis, and pleural effusion. Even if there is no radiographic test result, but due to reasons such as a heavy smoker with blood in the sputum, the suggestion is high, then the CT scan may provide the necessary data. If the findings in sputum cells are unnatural, they increase the risk of this type of cancer. Early detection can be done through sputum cytology and other screening tests. For those patients who show irregularities on the chest electrocardiogram, the differential diagnosis considers lung-related cancers and non-malignant diseases. These consider infectious causes such as tuberculosis or pneumonia. The above diseases can cause lung nodules.

Screening

Screening is used to detect diseases through medical examinations when the patient has no symptoms. A chest radiograph or computed tomography scan is a test used to screen for lung cancer. However, the results indicate that lung cancer screening tests rarely show any benefit.

Treatment

The treatment of lung cancer can be done in the following ways, depending on the stage or extent of the cancer:

Surgery

Once you are under anesthesia, the surgeon will remove the tumor and there will be some healthy tissue around it. Removing healthy tissue helps increase the chance of removing all cancer cells.

Surgery can be open or minimally invasive.

In open surgery, the surgeon will remove the tumor, some healthy tissue, and some nearby lymph nodes.

In minimally invasive surgery, the surgeon will make several small incisions instead of one large incision. She inserted a slender tube and a miniature camera into the small incision. This tube is called a laparoscope. The camera projects an image of the inside of the body onto the monitor, allowing the surgeon to see what she is doing. She uses special surgical tools inserted through other small incisions to remove the tumor and some healthy tissue.

Radiation Therapy

Cancer's DNA is destroyed either by killing its cell or slowing the growth of its cells with high doses in Radiation therapy. Cancer cells with damaged and irreparable DNA stop dividing or die. Damaged cells die, and get broken down and are eliminated by the body.

Radiation therapy does not kill cancer cells immediately. It takes days or weeks of treatment to destroy the DNA and kill the cancer cells. Then, the cancer cells continue to die within a few weeks or months after the radiotherapy ends.( for best radiation oncologist in Delhi/Ncr, contact- Dr.Dodul Mondal

Chemotherapy

Many types of cancers can be treated through chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the only form of treatment for some people But in most cases, you will receive chemotherapy and other cancer treatments. The type of treatment you need depends on the type of cancer you have, whether and where it has spread, and whether you have other health problems.

Immunotherapy

As part of its normal function, the immune system detects and destroys abnormal cells, most likely to prevent or inhibit the growth of many cancers. For example, immune cells are sometimes found in and around tumors. These cells are called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or TIL, and are a sign of the immune system's response to the tumor. People whose tumors contain TIL generally perform better than those whose tumors do not contain TIL.

The first aim of cancer treatment is to achieve a cure, and when cure is not possible, a good palliation (life prolongation and relief of sufferings) is warranted. To ensure one gets the right treatment, consulting with a good oncologist in Delhi is essential. Dr. Dodul Mondal is one much cancer specialist doctor in Delhi. He is one of the most dynamic radiation oncologists with international repute who has an experience of working with Proton Beam Therapy at one of the largest university hospitals in the United States.

Leukemia: Definition, Types, Risk Factors | Oncologist Delhi

Leukemia is a blood cancer that occurs when abnormal (immature) blood cells (called blasts) accumulate excessively. A large number of these primitive cells will not mature normally, but will become abnormal white blood cells. These abnormal cells cannot perform the normal functions of white blood cells. They squeeze into the bone marrow and overflow into the blood, and then may spread to the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys and other organs, and enter the cerebrospinal fluid to reach the brain.

In leukemia, cells cannot mature normally, but continue to multiply, and the bone marrow is replaced by these abnormal cells that spill into the blood. Because the bone marrow can no longer produce enough normal blood cells and platelets, anemia, infection, and bruising can occur. Consulting a best oncologist in Delhi NCR will be best options in preventing and getting a early diagnosis.

There are many forms of leukemia. Some forms appear suddenly and develop rapidly within a few days to a few weeks. These are called acute leukemias. Others are less obvious and progress slowly over months to years. These are chronic leukemias. Leukemia is also described in terms of the type of white blood cells involved; granulocytes (formed from immature cells called myeloblasts) or lymphocytes. Leukemia can be divided into four main types:

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL) - Progress is rapid, replacing healthy cells that produce functional lymphocytes with leukemia cells that cannot mature normally. Leukemia cells are carried in the blood to other organs and tissues, including the brain, liver, lymph nodes, and testes, where they continue to grow and divide. ( Best surgical oncologist in Delhi NCR ).The growth, division, and spread of these leukemia cells can cause many possible symptoms, some of which may resemble flu. Top oncologist in Delhi They include symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, fever, easy bruising or bleeding. Risk factors for ALL include:

1. Being male, white and older than 70 years old

2. Having a history of chemotherapy or radiation exposure .

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - Also known as acute myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, it is a fast-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow. Like ALL, AML can cause the bone marrow to overproduce abnormal white blood cells, crowding healthy blood cells and affecting the body's ability to fight infections. Risk factors for AML include:

 1. Being Male

 2. Smoking  

 3. Having past chemotherapy treatment or radiation exposure

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) - It is usually a slow-growing cancer that starts with lymphocytes in the bone marrow and extends into the blood. It may also spread to lymph nodes and organs, such as the liver and spleen. CLL forms when too many abnormal lymphocytes grow, crowding out normal blood cells and making it difficult for the body to fight infections.

According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), approximately 25% of all leukemia cases are CLL, and approximately one in 175 people may develop CLL in their lifetime. CLL is similar to ALL, but it is chronic rather than acute, which means that it grows more slowly and it takes longer to start causing symptoms.

When it does cause symptoms, these symptoms may include swelling of the lymph nodes (neck, armpit, stomach, or groin), fatigue, fever, infection, weight loss, etc. Various blood tests can be used to help diagnose CLL.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myelogenous leukemia, starts with hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and spreads into the blood over time. Eventually, the disease will spread to other parts of the body. CML grows slowly, but once it starts to cause symptoms, these symptoms may include fatigue, fever, weight loss, and an enlarged spleen. About half of CML cases are diagnosed through blood tests before symptoms appear. According to ACS, approximately 15% of leukemias are CML.

That's why Dr. Dodul Mondal , one of the most prominent and dynamic best radiation oncologist in Delhi NCR of India with international repute who has an experience of working with Proton Beam Therapy at one of the largest university hospitals in the United States is correct choice for choosing the right oncologist for one's treatment.